Computer Architecture Simulators

Computer Architecture Simulator Categories:

• "Guest Editorial: Computer Architecture Simulators are Not as Good as the Real Thing -- They are Better!"
  [author: William Yurcik, published in the ACM Journal of Educational Resources in Computing (JERIC), Vol. 1 No. 4, March 2002.]
  • ACM Journal of Educational Resources in Computing (JERIC), Vol. 1 No. 4
    • special issue on General Computer Architecture Simulators
• "Guest Editorial: Specialized Computer Architecture Simulators That See the Present But May Hold the Future"
  [author: William Yurcik, published in the ACM Journal of Educational Resources in Computing (JERIC), Vol. 2 No. 1, March 2002.]
  • ACM Journal of Educational Resources in Computing (JERIC), Vol. 2 No. 1
    • special issue on Specialized Computer Architecture Simulators
• ","  [authors: William Yurcik and Ed Gehringer, published in the Proceedings of the Workshop on Computer Architecture Education (WCAE), Anchorage AK USA, May 2002. ]
• "," [authors: Shirley Crossley, Hugh Osborne, and William Yurcik, published in the Proceedings of the Workshop on Computer Architecture Education (WCAE), Anchorage AK USA, May 2002.]
• "," [authors: Hugh Osborne, Shirley Crossley, Jiri Mencak, and William Yurcik,  published in the Proceedings of the Workshop on Computer Architecture Education (WCAE), Anchorage AK USA, May 2002.]
• " ."
  [authors: Greg Wolffe, William Yurcik, Hugh Osborne, and Mark Holliday, published in the Proceedings of the 33rd Technical Symposium of Computer Science Education (SIGCSE 2002), ACM Press, Northern Kentucky USA, Feb/March 2002. ]
• "."
  [authors: William Yurcik , Greg Wolffe, and Mark Holliday, published in the Proceedings of the Summer Computer Simulation Conference (SCSC), Orlando FL USA,  July 2001.]
• "."
  [authors: Cecile Yehezkel, William Yurcik, and Murray Pearson, published in the Intl. Conference on Simulation and Multimedia in Engineering Education (ICSEE), Society for Computer Simulation Press, Phoenix AZ USA, January 2001.]
• " ."
  [authors: Lillian (Boots) Cassel, Deepak Kumar, Kevin Boulding, Jim Davies, Mark Holliday, John Impagliazzo, Murray Pearson, Gregory S. Wolffe, and William Yurcik , published in the ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, Vol 33 No 2, June 2001, pp. 111-126.]
• "."
  [authors: William Yurcik , published in SIMULATION: Journal of the Society for Modeling and Simulation Intl., April 2001, pp. 202-206.]
  • click here to go to the Simulation Education Homepage
  
  
• The Little Man Computer (LMC) Paradigm Simulators  
  
  • "," [authors: Hugh Osborne and William Yurcik, published in the Proceedings of the 32nd ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), Boston MA USA, Nov. 2002] 
  • "," [authors: Thad Crews and William Yurcik, published in the Proceedings of the Information Systems Education Conference (ISECON), San Antonio TX USA, Oct/Nov 2002] 
  • "Three Simulator Tools For Teaching Computer Architecture: EasyCPU, Little Man Computer, and RTLSim,"
    [authors: Cecile Yehezkel, William Yurcik, Murray Pearson, and Dean Armstrong, published in the ACM Journal of Educational Resources in Computing (JERIC), Vol. 1 No. 4, March 2002.]
  • " ."
    [authors: William Yurcik and Larry Brumbaugh, published in the Proceedings of the Information Systems Education Conference (ISECON), Cincinnati, OH USA, Nov. 2001.]
  • "."
    [authors: William Yurcik and Hugh Osborne, published in the Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference,  Arlington VA USA, Dec. 2001.]
  • "."
    [authors: William Yurcik and Larry Brumbaugh, published in the Proceedings of the 32nd Technical Symposium of Computer Science Education (SIGCSE 2001), ACM Press, Charlotte NC USA, Feb. 2001, pp. 204-208.]
  • "."
    [authors: William Yurcik, Joaquin Vila, and Larry Brumbaugh, published in the Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Engineering and Computer Education (ICECE 2000), Sao Paulo Brazil, August 2000. ]
    

 Coauthors/Collaborators:

Dean Armstrong U. of Waikato (NZ)	Kevin Boulding Seattle Pacific U. (USA)	Larry Brumbaugh ILL State U. (USA)	Boots Cassel Villanova U (USA)	Thad Crews Western Kentucky U (USA)	Shirley Crossley U. of Huddersfield (UK)
Jim Davies Oxford (UK)	David Doss ILL State U. (USA)	Ed Gehringer North Carolina State (USA)	Mark Holliday Western Carolina U. (USA)	Jim Impagliazzo Hofstra (USA)	Deepak Kumar Bryn Mawr College (USA)
Jiri Mencak U. of Huddersfield (UK)	Hugh Osborne U. of Huddersfield (UK)	Murray Pearson U. of Waikato (NZ)	Joaquin Vila ILL State U. (USA)	Greg Wolfe Grand Valley State U. (USA)	Cecile Yehezkel Weizmann Institute (IL)

• Acorn
  • Archimedes
  • Atom/BBC/Electron
  • Atom Emulator v1.33
  • Atom Emulator
  • VirtualA5000 
    emulation of an Acorn A5000 under MSWindows. commercial.
  
  
  
• MITS Altair{Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems}
  • Altair 8800    {using the SIMH simulator }
  • Altair 8800b   {scroll down page to end of 2nd page}
  
  
  
• Amstrad CPC
  • CaPriCe32
  • CPC  6128
  • WinAPE32 - The Windows Amstrad Plus Emulator
  • Arnimedes - the CPC Emulator
  • CPC++, The C++ Armstrad CPC Emulator
  • Amstrad CPC (multiple) and Amstrad PCW 8256/8512
  
  
  
• Analytical Engine
  web-based Java applet of Charles Babbage's unrealized machine.
  
  
• Apple
  
  • Apple II Emulators Page
  • Apple Emulator Resources Guide
    • Apple Emulators: 2.1 - 2.2.13
    • Apple Emulators: 2.3 - 2.8.3
  • YAE {Yet Another Apple II Emulator}
    64K 65C02 Apple II simulator for Unix with X Windows
  • Apple Macintosh
  • 68K Macintosh Emulators
  • Macintosh Emulators
  • Apple II
  • Apple II Emulator in C
  • Sweet16 Apple IIGS
  • AppleWin 2.0 Project
  • Apple IIGS (written for X11 and ported to MacOS)
  • Apple II Oasis (Apple II software in Windows environment)
  • Catakig  (Apple II, Apple II+, ,and Apple IIe)
  • Apple Lisa Emulator Project 
    
    
• Atari
  • Atari 2600 VCS Simulator STELLA  (freeware, ported to most OSs)
  • Atari ST StonX
    MC68000 CPU simulator for Unix with X windows, MS/DOS, Windows95
  • Atari ST
  • Atari on Wintel
  • Atari800 {Atari 8-bit World}
  • Atari800Wina freeware Atari 8-bit computer emulator for Win9X/NT
  • Atari 2600/6502 processor   SLOOP
    RISC instruction set architecture performing on-the-fly translations for the original 6502 microprocessor
  • APE {Atari 8-bit} 
  • z26 - An Atari 2600 Emulator
  • Atari XL/XE
  • AtariST Emulators for the Macintosh {metalist}
  • PCAE - PC Atari Emulator
  • Basilisk II - a Macintosh II emulator
  
  
  
• MacBABY  (The Snial Homepage)
  an emulation of the world's first Stored-program computer, the Baby, built in Manchester University 1948
  
  
  
• 
  {Russian Computer}
  
  
• BSVC
  a microprocessor simulation framework based on Motorola 68000 {Unix and Windows}
  
  
• Coleco Adam
  
  
• Commodore Amiga
  • UAE Amiga Emulator software emulation of the hardware of the Commodore Amiga 500/1000/2000 based on the Motorola 680x0 CPU, written for Unixish systems. 
  • Amiga
  • Amiga Emulators Central
• Commodore PLUS/4
• Commodore Vic-20
• Commodore 64
  documentation in multiple languages of the still popular game platform including VIC (VideoIC) and SID (Sound ID)
  • FRODO for BeOS,  Unix, MacOS. AmigaOS/RISC/ Windows/EPOC
  • Power64 for PowerPC
  • VICE  VersatIle Commodore Emulator for Unix, DOS, WindowsNT/95
  • C64
  • CCS64 - A Commodore 64 Emulator {Per Hakan Sundell}
    • 1
    • 2
  • C64 Emulators {metalist}
  • Greg and David's C64 WebPage
  • The Almighty C64
  
  
• Felt and Tarrant's Comptometer Adding Machine (1885)
  
  
• RCACOSMAC Elf microcomputer
• RCA CDP1802 COSMAC Microprocessor
  
  
• CP/M Emulator
  for Mac OS
  
  
• DATA GENERAL NOVA
  using the SIMH simulator
  
  
• DEC PDP-1
  • PDP-1 using the SIMH simulator
  • PDP-1 Lisp
• DEC PDP-4
  using the SIMH simulator
• DEC PDP-7
  using the SIMH simulator 
• DEC PDP-8 {multiple}
  important 1965 minicomputer, 1st computer sold on a retail basis, 1st parallel general-purpose computer sold in a table-top configuration
  
  • 1  {Douglas Jones, also FAQ and metalist}
  • 2 {Ward Cunningham}
  • 3 {Barry Stern}
  • 4 {Javascript assembler}
  • 5   {using the SIMH simulator }
  • 6  {Java by David Gesswein}
  • 7   {Brian Shelburne}
• DEC PDP-9
  using the SIMH simulator
• DEC PDP-10
  • PDP-10 using the SIMH simulator
  • PDP-10 Emulation Webpage 
• DEC PDP-11
  influential machine family spanning 2 decades
  • 1 
  • 2  {Der Mouse simulation + tools}
  • 3   {ersatz11 from DBIT for MS-Dos and Linux PCs}
  • 4  {using the SIMH simulator} 
• DEC PDP-15
  using the SIMH simulator
  
  
• Digi-Comp  1
  Digi-Comp 1 Manual
  
  
• EACA Colour GENIE
  
  
• EDSAC
  1949 Cambridge University machine, 1st stored program machine to operate a computing service
  
  
• ENIAC
  
  
• Enigma Cypher Machines
  machine used by the Nazis during World War II to encrypt military messages
  • Abwehr Enigma
  • in BASIC
  • by Andy Carlson
  • Naval Enigma M3
  • Naval Enigma M4
  • Ozzie's Online Enigma Machine
  • PEnigma for Palm Pilot
  • by Paul Reuvers
  • by Russell Schwager
  • Meta List of Enigma Simulators
• Related Encryption Machines
  • ECM Mk II Cipher Machine (aka SIGABA)
  • Hagelin  CD57
  • Siemens and Halske T52d
  • Swiss NEMA Cipher Machine
  • Turing Bombe Machine
    C++ simulator model of the machine used at Bletchley Park in WWII to find the settings for the Nazi Enigma machine
  • Meta List of Cryptographic Simulators from the Crypto Simulation Group (CSG)
    
    
• Enterprise
  
  
• The H8 Emulator - Heath8080A
  
  
• Honeywell H316
  using the SIMH simulator
  
  
• HP 2100
  using the SIMH simulator
  
  
• IBM 360/370 BALSX (Basic Assembler Language Simulator Assembler/Simulator)
• The Hercules System/370, ESA/390, and z/Architecture EmulatorHercules runs under Linux, Windows 98, Windows NT, and Windows 2000.
  
• IBM 1401
  using the SIMH simulator
• IBM System 3
  using the SIMH simulator
  
  
• IMSAI 8080
  {scroll down page to end of 2nd page}
  
  
• historic Japanese Computers
  • ETL-Mark2
  • FUJIC
  • ETL-Mark4
  • PC-1
  • ETL-Mark4a
  • K1
  
  
  
• JSorcerer - Exidy Sorcerer Emulator
  
  
• Jupiter ACE
• ACE32 - the Jupiter Ace Emulator
  
  
• Manchester Mark I
  
  • DOS-based version in C
  • Windows-based version (executable)
  • Windows-based version (source code in Delphi)
  • 50th anniversary version in Java 1.1 (most recent)
    
    
• MC-10  (Motorola MC6803E)
  
  
• Napier's "Bones and Chessboard" Calculators
  
  
• ORIC-1 by Tangerine Computer Systems
  
  
• SimNow!
  X86 simulator for GNU/Linux
  
  
• Sinclair
  • UQLX - Sinclair QL on Unix (Q-emuLator)
    C interpreter of MC68008 instructions & hardware of 1984 machine, for Windows NT/95 and MacOS
  • Sinclair ZX80
  • Sinclair ZX81
  • Sinclair ZX80 and ZX81 Emulator Site 
  • Sinclair ZX-Spectrum
  • Sinclair QL
  • Cambridge Z88
  • SAM Coupe
  • X128 - a Sinclair Spectrum emulator for MS-DOS
  • Jasper - ZX Spectrum Emulator
  • HOB - a Java Spectrum Emulator
  
  
  
• Spectravideo
  • MSX  (MSX2,  MSX2+, and TurboR)
    a Z80-based family of home computers from Japan.
  • SVI-318/328
    • 1
    • 2{Jimmy Mardell}
      runs on MS-DOS and Windows 95/98/ME
  
  
  
• Tandy
  • Tandy MC-10
  • Dragon and Tandy Color Computer II
  • Classic Tandy Computer Emulation
• Texas Instruments TI99/4a
• TRS-80
  • TRS-80 {metalist}
  • Tim Mann's TRS-80 Pages
  • TRS-80 Emulator for Mac OS
  • TRS-80 Emulator Web Site {Mathew Reed}
  • TRS-80 Computer Emulator Pages {David Keil's}
  • TRSF-80 Model I Emulator for DOS
  • TRS-80  {Roland Gerlach}
  • TRS-80 Model I
  • TRS-80 Model III
  • TRS-80 Model IV

• THOMSON
  • Thomson T07
  • Thomson M05
  • Thomson T08
  • Thomson T09
    
  
  
  
• THRSim11
  THRSim11 is a Windows-based simulator that lets you edit, assemble, simulate, and debug programs for the Motorola 68HC11 microcontroller. THRSim11 simulates the CPU, ROM, RAM, and all memory-mapped I/O ports, and on board peripherals, such as the timer (including pulse accumulator), analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, parallel port, serial port, and I/O pins (analog and interrupts). Furthermore, a number of simulated external components can be connected to the pins of the simulated 68HC11 while debugging, including LEDs, switches, analog sliders (with variable voltage potential), and serial transmitters/receivers. There is also a 4x20 LCD character display mapped in the address space of the 68HC11.
  
  
  
  
• Z3 {Simulator of Konrad Zuse's Computer}
  Raul Rojas discusses a working Java simulation of the Z3 in Dr. Dobbs Journal , September 2000, pp. 64-69.}
  Konrad Zuse Multimedia Show 2000
  
  
• Z80 CP/M Microcomputer

• 6.111 Digital Simulator in C
  set of macros and libraries in C that can be used to simulate a circuit that is then compiled and tested
  
  
  
• Circuit Builder
  virtual laboratory
  
  
• CMOS transistor and digital gate Java simulation
  
  
• DesignWorks {$, Capilano Computing Systems Inc.}
  schematic capture software for electronic design
  
  
• Digital Circuit Simulator   {$, Windows}
  
  
• Digital Logic Simulator (Internet Explorer preferred)
  point-and-click-and-drag logic gate simulator
  
  
• DigitalSimulator  (in German)
  
  
• Digital Works 2.0    (Windows freeware version)
• Digital Works 3.0   ($ Windows commercial version )
  
  
• Digital Workshop
  simulates a couple dozen logic circuits in a colorful and interesting display, web-based Java applet
  
  
• DigiTcl
  GUI layout tool to construct and simulate digital circuits
  
  
• DigSim
  
  
• EasySim  ($ Windows)
  digital logic simulator
  
  
  
• esim Simulator
  advanced tool to build arbitrarily complex digital logic designs using hierarchical design techniques, Solaris 2.6/Linux
  
  
• Interactive Full-Adder
  interactive and intuitive demonstration of the implementation of full adder with logic gates. HTML
  
  
• Interactive Logic Simulator
  programn to assist in the construction and simulation of digital logic gate circuits
  
  
• Iowa Logic Simulator
  text Pascal/C simulator based on a specifications language for digital systems from TTL/gates to large CPUs
  
  
• LOCAD  (for Windows,  in German) 
  CAD program for digital logic design
  
  
• Logisim
  logic circuit simulator intended for education
  
  
• LogicSim (Windows & Linux, English/German translations)
  Java and Amiga simulation of digital logic circuits
  
  
• LogicSim    (Macintosh)
  freeware logical circuit simulator
  
  
• LogicWorks {$ Windows Capilano Software}
  is an interactive circuit design tool intended for teaching and learning digitial logic,LogicWorks includes a full schematic editor with bussing, multi-level Undo/Redo, interactive connection tracing, and many other powerful features. This is coupled with the unique, interactive digital simulator. Changes made to signal connections or device paramters on the screen are immediately reflected in the timing waveforms and probes placed right on the diagram. LogicWorks is upwardly compatible with Capilano's professional package, DesignWorks
  
  
• MIT Digital Logic Simulator
  free for educational purposes, point-and-click simulator with gates, flip-flops, logic analyzer, Windows NT/95/3.1
  
  
• Multimedia Logic Kits
  visual logic design system suitable for designing and testing simple circuits, Windows 2000/NT/98/95
  
  
• Probe
  academic digital simulator near completion
  
  
• Simcir - the circuit simulator
  intuitive point-and-click digital gate simulator, web-based Java applet or downloadable
  
  
• TurboSim  {$, demo version available}
  independent digital logic (TurboLogic) simulator and Spice (TurboSpice/TurboScope) simulators, TurboLogic can generate timing diagrams, truth tables, set breakpoints, watch points, and trigger points. 
  
  
• WinBreadboard {$, YOERIC Software}
  
  
• VeriLogger Pro {$, Synapticad Inc}
  a complete design and verification environment for ASIC and FPGA designers, contains a new type of Verilog simulation environment that combines all the features of a traditional Verilog simulator with a graphical test vector generator, test vectors can be imported or exported from HP logic analyzers, pattern generators, and 3rd party VHDL, Verilog, and SPICE simulators for reuse, simulation features include waveform viewing, optimized gate-level simulation, single-step debugging, point-and-click breakpoints, hierarchical browser for project management, and batch execution.
  
  
• xLogicCircuits Applet
  simulated logic circuits described in the textbook, The Most Complex Machine: A Survey of Computers and Computing, by David Eck  
  

• Automata Simulator
  • Automaton Simulator
    deterministic finite automata, nondeterministic finite automata, deterministic push-down automata, Turing machines  
  • CAVE   (Constructive Algorithm Visualization Environment)
  • JFLAP  (Java Formal Languages & Automata Package)
    
    
• Deus Ex Machina
  simulations of seven models of computation, intended to accompany the textbook Models of Computation and Formal Languages by R. Gregory Taylor
  • Finite State Automata
  • Linear Bounded Automata
  • Markov Algorithms
  • Pushdown Stack Automata
  • Register Machines
  • Turing Machines
  • Vector Machines
  
  
  
• Finite State Automata Simulator
  
  
• Finite State Machine Emulators
• Finite State Machine Explorer
  an interactive graphical system which supports the construction of the class of computational machines known as finite state automata. Animation is then used to dynamically illustrate their behaviour on given inputs. Furthermore, powerful manipulation facilities are developed to support the study and exploration of automata, including the conversion between equivalent classes of machine, and the automatic generation of layouts. Finally, input and output capabilities are provided to enable the continued development and reuse of constructed machines.
  
  
• Interactive PushDown Automata (PDA) Animation
  
  
• Turing Machine
  Java emulation of a Turing machine, moves along a linear tape (left/right) performing actions according to state
  
  • 1  {web-based Java applet, Paul A. Queior of  Brandeis University}
  • 2  {Gordon University}
  • 3  {Tanja Weber}
  • 4 {web-based version from JAN Lee/Virginia Tech, requires Netscape Navigator 4.0 or higher}
  • 5  {visual Turing Windows demo and commercial}
  • 6  {John Kennedy}
  • 7   {Deus Ex Machina}

• ALFA-1 
  This tool was used as a basis to develop the simulated computer, allowing to experiment with the formal approach defined by the DEVS formalism. This tool is running under different environments (using the GNU C++ compiler under Solaris, AIX, Linux, Windows and SunOS; at present is being ported to run in an Silicon Graphics multiprocessor using Irix).
  
  
• CINC emulator for the Bell Labs   (CARDboard Illustrative Aid to Computation)
  see a description of the cult cardboard computer here
  
  
• CASLE {Compiler/Architecture Simulation for Learning and Experimenting}
  HTML froms tool for experimenting with registers, instruction latencies, optimization
  
  
• CPU Sim    
  Java application that runs on (Windows, ,Linux, Mac OSX), allows users to design simple computer CPU's at the microcode level and to simulate machine-language or assembly-language programs  
  
  
• EasyCPU
  dual-mode basic/advanced Intel X86, binary/decimal, I/O
  
  
  
• simulators found in the textbook: Computer Organization: a Top-Down Approach by Gregg W. Scragg
  emulators for a 16-instruction computer. It includes an assembler for the GAL language and instruction-level emulation of the GeM machine language. This is shareware also available through the InfoMac archives. 
  • GAL  (1996-1999)
  • GEM  (1996-1999)
  
  
  
• JASPer
  computer-aided learning package presenting a simple hypothetical CPU with animated display of registers and associated data paths enabling the user to examine processor activities involved in the execution of machine instructions; can write instruction sets and programs using underlying simple microcoded architecture.
  
  
• Knob and Switch Computer
  an incremental machine simulator for breadth-based CS courses
  
  
• Little Man Computer(s) {LMC}
  visualizations of the classic LMC paradigm from MIT (1965), paradigm is also described in the more recent textbook  The Architecture of Hardware and Systems Software: An Information Technology Approach  by Irv Englander
  • The Postroom Computer {Hugh Osborne}
  • Web-based LMC-1  {Larry Brumbaugh, William Yurcik}
  • Web-based LMC-2
  • Son-of-LMC
  • Shockwave LMC
  • Little Man Microcode Simulator (LMMS) {Thad Crews}
               sample LMMS programs can be found here
  
• 
  
  
• simulators found in the textbook: Fundamentals of Computing I  by Allen Tucker ,  W. J. (Jim) Bradley ,  R. D. (Bob) Cupper, Andy Bernat  and  Greg Scragg )  
  an assembly language emulator, similar to GAL & GEM, but with a simpler instruction set (just 8 instructions). Marina corresponds to the Marina language
  • Marina  (1993)
    
    
    
• MIX
  the machine invented by Donald Knuth and made famous in his "The Art of Computer Programming" (TAOCP) series of books
  • EMIX - The Expandable MIX Emulator  {Daniel Andrade & Marcus Pereira}
    runs on a Windows 95/NT
  • MIX {Allan Adler}
  • MMIXmasters web site
  • MMIX 2009
    
  
  
  
• OAMulator
  OAM (One Address Machine) Emulator coupled with the OAMPL (OAM Programming Language) Compiler
  
  
• PEP/7 Simulator
  description here; interactive von Neumann architecture with ROM and operating system (loader, interrupt handler); versions for MSWindows, MacOS, and Unix; described in the textbook  Computer Systems 2nd edition  by  Stan Warford.
  
  
• PIPPIN
  dual-mode binary/symbolic CPU simulator highlighting data paths, described in the textbook The Analytical Engine: An Introduction to Computer Science Using the Internet by Rick Decker and Stuart Hirshfield. Here is a journal paper on .
  
  
• PRIMA Virtual Machine
  von Neumann computer demonstrating the interaction between its components with animation
  
  
• RISC-1
  RISC taken to its logical extreme - an emulator for a computer with just one instruction
  • OISC
  • URISC

  
  

• Simple Computer Emulator
  3 decimal digit virtual machine, 100 cells, 15 I/O cards
  
  
• Simple Computer Simulator in Java
  100 memory cell computer for demonstrating the fundamentals of computer execution such as machine language and the fetch-execute cycle
  
  
• SPA {$}
  a simple simulator designed to exhibit the inner workings of the instruction fetch/execute cycle
  
  
• xComputer
  simulates a simple model computer described in the textbook, The Most Complex Machine: A Survey of Computers and Computing, by David Eck  
  

• ALU Simulator  (Woi Ang)
  
  
• BOCHS - The Cross Platform IA-32 Emulator
  highly portable open source IA-32 (x86) PC emulator; includes emulation of the Intel x86 CPU (386/486/Pentium), common I/O devices, and a custom BIOS; capable operating systems inside the emulation including Linux, Windows 95, DOS, and Windows NT 4.
  
  
• CGEN
  a framework for developing generators of CPU-related tools such as assemblers, disassemblers, and simulators; it specifies a description language for describing the architecture and organization of a CPU without reference to a particular application
  
  
• DARK series of virtual computers
  series of virtual machine teaching tools for five different computer architectures: (1) Accumulator, (2) Stack, (3) Memory-Memory, (4) Load-Store, and (5) Index Machine.
  
  
• ESCAPE
  environment addressing architectural issues such as microprogramming and pipelined execution, first presented at the Workshop on Computer Architecture Education (WCAE) held in June 1998
  
  
• Máquina Rudimentaria (MR) 
  rudimentary machine, 16-bit computer architecture includes its own assembly language, data-path, and optimization of control unit, documentation in Spanish
  
  
• LC2
  described in textbook Introduction to Computing Systems: From Bits and Gates to C and Beyond by Yale N. Patt and Sanjay J. Patel, Unix and Windows
• DigLC2 - LC-2 Simulator
  gate-level simulator for Little Computer 2 described in textbook Introduction to Computing Systems: From Bits and Gates to C and Beyond by Yale N. Patt and Sanjay J. Patel, Unix and Win32 
  
  
  
• Mic-1 Simulator
  simulator described in the 1988 edition of the textbook Structured Computer Organization by Andrew S. Tanenbaum, for Java, Unix, or Windows
• Micro Architecture
  similar to the simulator used in the textbook Structured Computer Organization 4th edition by Andrew S. Tanenbaum, a microprogrammed processor, MacOS
  
  
• Micro SimpleScalar
  linked with the textbook Computer Organization and Architecture 5th edition by William Stallings, has a mailing list, includes instruction-level parallelism and branch prediction
  
  
• Relatively Simple Computer Systems Simulator
  described in textbook Computer Systems Organization and Architecture by John D. Carpinelli, dual-mode control unit, Java
  • Very Simple CPU Simulator
  • Programmable Logic Device Simulator
  • Relatively Simple Computer Simulator
  • Relatively Simple CPU Simulator
  
  
  
• Simple Pipeline Simulator  (Woi Ang)
  
  
• SimpleScalar LLC
  a high level computer system modeling infrastructure suitable for program performance analysis, detailed microarchitectural modeling, and hardware-software co-verification; can simulate real programs running on a range of modern processors and systems (Alpha, PISA, ARM, and x86 instruction sets); tool set includes simulators ranging from a fast functional simulator to a detailed, dynamically scheduled processor model that supports non-blocking caches, speculative execution, and state-of-the-art branch prediction; widely used for research and instruction, for example, in 2000 more than one third of all papers published in top computer architecture conferences used the SimpleScalar tools to evaluate their designs.
• SimplePower
  execution-driven, cycle-accurate RT level energy estimation tool for a simulated machine which is an instruction subset of SimpleScalar
  
  
• SMOK
  SLOOP Machine Organization Kit is a general-purpose machine organization simulator including ALUs, registers, logic gates, etc. with a graphical interface to construct and debug machine models.
  
  
  

• AMD x86-64 simulator
  
  
• DLX
  bundled with the textbook Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach 2nd edition by John L. Hennessy and David A. Patterson, a DLX CPU simulator
• DLXsim
  described in the textbook Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach 2nd edition by John L. Hennessy and David A. Patterson, a non-graphical pipelined DLX CPU simulator
• DLXview
  interactive graphical interface for DLXsim
• DLXvsim
  DLX with vector extensions
• Superscalar DLX
  pipelined superscalar mixed behavior/RTL model of the DLX processor
• WinDLX  (tutorial)
  front-end simulation for the DLX simulator, DOS 3.3+, Windows 3.0+

• HASE & SimJava  (HASE is a Hierarchical computer Architecture design and Simulation Environment, SimJava is a Java version of HASE which allows simulation models to be built as applets)
  rapid development environment for computer architecture at multiple levels of abstraction encompassing both hardware and software - produces a simulation trace which can be animated to show data movement & state changes 
  
  
• Assorted MIPS simulators
  • J-MIPS {Java MIPS Simulator}
  • MIPS Animator  (Alan Hui/Monash University)
  • MIPSI
  • MipsIt (Royal Institute of Technology - Sweden)
    development environment/system for cache and micoarchitecture simulators
  • MIPS Computer Simulator Applet
  • MIPS Instruction Set Simulator {from EPI - Embedded Performance, Inc.}
  • MIPSim
    C++ simulator for pipelined processors based on the textbook Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach 2nd edition by John L. Hennessy and David A. Patterson, uses a GUI with colors
  • MIPS Pipeline Simulator
  • MIPS R3000 Simulator in Java
  • MIPS 10000 Simulator 
  • MIPS Simulator {from Georgia Tech}
  • MIPS Superscalar {for MIPS-Ultrix little-endian platform}
  • Nachos MIPs Simulator {with multiple documentation here:1,2 }
  • Pipesim {MIPS ISA derievd from the HiDISC simulator, no longer online}
  • Simple Operating System (SOS) on a MIPS {based on the textbook Operating Systems: A Design-Oriented Approach by Charles Crowley
  • SmallMIPS: A MIPS Simulator {subset of MIPS R2000}
  • SPIM
    •  SPIM
      used with textbook Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware / Software Interface, 2nd edition by David A. Patterson  and  John L. Hennessy , MIPS simulator with visual GUI, for Unix/Linux/MSDOS/Windows
    • SPIMSAL
      described in textbook A Programmer's View of Computer Architecture by James R. Goodman and Karen Miller , older version of SPIM under Windows3.1 and MacOS
    • XSPIM   {MIPS simulator for X windows}
      
      
• MINT simulation software   (link to author Jack Veenstra)
  
  
• SATSim
  superscalar architectyre trtace simulator using interactive animation, avoids processor-specific idiosyncracies
  
  
• SHADE
  a fast instruction-set simulator for execution profiling 
  
  
• SIMCA  (SImulator for Multithreaded Computer Architecture)
  an execution driven simulator for superthreaded architectures based on Simple Scalar 
  
  
• SID
  a framework for building computer system simulators comprised of loosely coupled components; can range from a simple CPU instruction set computer to a large multi-processor embedded system.
  
  
• SIMHC12
  simulator for the MC68HC812A4 microcontroller
  
  
• SMTSIM Multithreading Processor Simulator
  runs on Compaq/DEC Unix Alphas
  
  
• Sulima ISA Simulator  (Instruction Set Architecture Simulator)
  
  
  
• TurboSim by Jim Basney {MS-DOS pkzip source code found here}
  a microcode simulator
  
  

• ABSS  {Augmentation-Based SPARC Simulator}
  SPARC multi-processor, timing accurate
  
  
• Augmint: A Multiprocessor Simulator
  for Intel x86 architectures running Unix or Windows NT, based on MINT (below) but takes the augmentation approach of Tangolite
• MINT  {MIPS INTerpreter}
  event-driven memory for multiprocessor
  
  
• Proteus
  simulates message-passing & shared memory in multi-processors
  
  
• RSIM
  shared-memory multi-processors with instruction-level parallelism
  
  
• Simics
  system-level instruction set simulator that can simulate both uniprocessor (X86, X86-64,  SPARC V9, PowerPC, and Alpha), multiprocessor systems as well as clusters and networks of systems. 
  
  
• SimOS
  simulation environment to study MIPS/Alpha uni/multiprocessors
• SIMOS-PPC
  derived from SimOS (above), simulating computer hardware in enough detail to boot and run commercial operating system "real" workloads; models variety of uni- and multi-processor PPC-based systems and microarchitectures (emulates a symmetric multiprocessing AIX configuration in sufficient detail that AIX boots); also models a variety of cache and memory configurations.
  
  
• Wisconsin Wind Tunnel II
  parallel simulator for SPARC-like CPUs with various bus and network configurations

• Chaos Router Simulator
  simulates a detailed model of k-ary n-cube networks. includes common topologies such as multi-dimensional mesh and torus networks and hypercube networks; supports both packet- and wormhole-switched networks, and routes packets using either Chaotic adaptive routing or dimension-order oblivious routing using a variety of traffic patterns.
• EMIN  - Evaluation of Multiprocessor Interconnection Networks
• FlitSim II
  X-Windows based network simulator can simulating differing message flow control mechanisms and different routing protocols; supports k-ary n-cubes of arbitrary size and dimension.
• JANET
  a Java-based FLIT-Level multiprocessor network simulator, for k-ary n-cubes; good documentation.
• SMART (Superior Multiprocessor ARchiTecture interconnects)
  has related projects in cache coherance, network routing, optics and photonics.

• Acme Cache Simulator
  simple cache simulator
  
  
• Cacheprof
  tool to quantify cache behavior
  
  
• Cache Simulator
  HTML from to specify a cache configuration and analyze results
  
  
• Cache Visualization Tool {CVT}
  graphical X11 tool that provides dynamic visualization of cache content along with various statistics
  
  
• CACTI  {Cache Access & Cycle Time Information}
  metrics for different caches
  
  
• CPU/Disk Performance
  interactive simulation of CPU/Disk queueing effects
  
  
• Dinero IV
  cache simulator for memory references traces
• HASE Dinero
  animation of cache activity, modification of all cache parameters; has a tutorial and user guide
  
  
• Disk Simulator Project  (CSIM code- halfway down this page )
  single platter disk capturing throughput, utilization, response time for each request, seek time and rotational latency statistics.
  
  
• Fast-Cache
  framework for implementing memory system simulators00 
  
  
• LDA  (Latency-of-Data-Access model)
  flexible memory hierarchy simulator takes into account multiple hierarchical memeory levels with different latencies
  
  
• MLFQ {Multi-Level Feedback Queue}
  interactive CPU scheduler for regular and batch jobs, Java
  
  
• PAGE
  simulates five page replacement algorithms, Java
  
  
• PRIMA {PRefetch Improves Multimedia Applications}
  trace-driven for the ACME cache simulator
  
  
• Tycho cache simulator (no longer online)
  part of Wisconsin Architectural Research Tool Set (WARTS)
  
  
• Xcache cache simulators for Xwindows
  • 1
  • 2

• LegoSim
  
  
• The RCX Simulator
  a self-paced, web-based learning tool that simulates the Lego Mindstorm RCX programmable brick (Java Applet)
  

• QDD: A Quantum Computer Emulation Library
  
  
• Quantum Computer Simulators Meta List  {from Julia Wallace}

• HAL 9000 {ok this is a stretch intended for fun}
  
  

• 80x86 PC Emulators
• Apple II Emulation Page
• Atari Safari {aka Simon's Classic Games and Emulators}
• Carl Burch's list of Graphical Digital Logic Circuit Tools
• Computer History and Emulation Page ]
• EmuSearch {dedicated to immortal computers and consoles of the last 20 years - and their emulators}
• Emu Xpress
• emulation.net   (dedicated to Emulation on the Macintosh)
• Emulators, Inc.
• Emulators of Historical Systems  {JAN Lee/Virginia Tech}  
• Emulation Software R&D WWW Page
• Emulators Unlimited
• Instruction-Level Simulation and Tracing
• Interesting 8-Bit Computer Simulators
• a Java Framework for Computer Emulation (JFraCE)
• Kris High's Emulator Page
• M.E.S.S. - Multi-Emulator Super System
• Morgan Kaufmann Additional Resources for the textbook:
  • Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach 2nd edition by Hennessy and Patterson
• Multi-Machine Homepages {Amstrad, Enterprise, Jupiter, ,Spectrum, etc.}
• Paul Robson's Emulator Pages
• Research Tools and Simulator Links  {University of Wisconsin Computer Architecture Group}
• The Retrocomputing Museum
• Stephan's Retrocomputing Site
• University of California at Davis [support materials for the study of computer architecture]
• Wisconsin Architectural Research Tool Set (WARTS)